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(35) Hinsley, British Intelligence, vol. 1, pp. 443-4.

(36) Erickson, Road to Stalingrad, p. 75.

(37) Hinsley, British Intelligence, vol. 1, pp. 480 – 2.

(38) Philby, My Silent War, pp. 44 – 5.

(39) Bentley in interview with Page. Leitch and Knightley, 1967.

(40) Philby, My Silent War, p. 61.

(41) Evidence of Petrov to the Australian Royal Commission, 1955, quoted in Andrew Boyle, The Climate of Treason (London: Hutchinson, 1979), p. 216

(42) Alexander Foote, Handbook for Spies (London: Museum Press, 1949), p. 81.

(43) See, for example: Anthony Read and David Fisher Operation Lucy (London: Hodder & Stoughton. 1980); Chapman Pincher, Their Trade Is Treachery (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1981); Richard Deacon, A History of the British Secret Service (New York: Taplinger, 1970); and Constantine Fitzgibbon, Secret Intelligence in the 20th Century (London: Granada, 1978).

(44) Letter from Hinsley to author, 25 April 1984 .

(45) Hinsley, Britich Intelligence, vol. 2, pp. 69 – 70.

(46) Respectively: Deacon, British Secret Service, p. 366; Read and Fisher, Operation Lucy, dustjacket; and Foote, Handbook for Spies, p. 82.

(47) Hinsley, British Intelligence, vol. 2, p. 60.

(48) See Ruth Werner (pseudonym for Kuczynski). Sonjas Rapport (East Berlin: Verlag Neues Leben, 1977); and A. Terry, 'The Housewife who Spied for Russia ', Sunday Times, 27 January 1980 .

(49) Cable, Foreign Office to Ambassador, Algiers , 6 April 1944 , Eden Papers, SOE/44/17/192, Birmingham University .

(50) Cecil, ' Cambridge Comintern', p. 179.

(51) Kuczynski in interview with Anthony Terry, for author, 17 January 1980 .

(52) ibid.

(53) Oldfield in interview with author, 13 July 1979 .

(54) Hinsley, British Intelligence, vol. 1, p. 441.

(1) R. J. Jeffreys-Jones, Eagle against Empire. United States Opposition to European Imperialism 1898 – 1981 (Aix-en-Provence: European Association for American Studies, 1983), p. 61.

(2) Jeffrey M. Dorwart, 'The Roosevelt – Astor Espionage Ring', New York History (July 1981), p. 309.

(3) ibid., p. 317.

(4) ibid.

(5) B. Smith. Shadow Warriors, p. 63; and Dorwart 'Roosevelt-Astor Espionage', p. 321.

(6) R. J. Jeffreys-Jones, 'History on Trial: a Critique of the CIA and its Critics', p. 3. Paper delivered at the 9th Annual Meeting of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, Catholic University of America, Washington DC, 4 – 6 August 1983.

(7) New York Times. 1 December 1938.

(8) West, MI6, pp. 202 – 3.

(9) Corson, Armies of Ignorance, p. 114; and Anthony Cave Brown. The Last Hero: Wild Bill Donovan (New York: Times Books, 1982), p. 153.

(10) Phillip Knightley, The First Casualty (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975), p. 237.

(11) West, MI6. p. 204.

(12) Cave Brown, Last Hero, p. 156.

(13) ibid., p. 168.

(14) ibid., p. 169; and B. Smith, Shadow Warriors, pp. 68 – 9.

(15) Cave Brown, Last Hero, p. 170.

(16) B. Smith, Shadow Warriors, p. 21.

(17) ibid., pp. 38 – 9.

(18) Peter and Leni Gillman, Collar the Lot! (London: Quartet, 1980), p. 85.

(19) ibid., p. 108.

(20) ibid., p. 77.

(21) B. Smith, Shadow Warriors, p. 22.

(22) Professor Margaret Gowing, British Atomic Energy Authority official historian, interview with author, 1984.

(23) B. Smith, Shadow Warriors, pp. 100 – 5.

(24) Cave Brown, Last Hero, p. 182.

(25) B. Smith, Shadow Warriors, p. 104.

(26) Cave Brown, Last Hero, pp. 226, 233 – 4; and B. Smith, Shadow Warriors, p. 117.

(27) Cave Brown, Last Hero, pp. 306 – 7.

(28) See Timothy P. Mulligan, 'According to Colonel Donovan: a Document from the Records of German Military Intelligence', The Historian, November 1983, pp. 78 – 86.

(29) Cave Brown, Last Hero. pp. 306 – 8.

(30) ibid., pp. 315 – 16.

(31) Cave Brown, Last Hero, p. 593.

(32) Weitz in interview with author, 14 September 1984 .

(33) Kirkpatrick in interview with David Leitch, on behalf of author, 1979.

(34) R. Harris Smith, OSS (Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California Press, 1972), p. 185.

(35) ibid., p. 9.

(36) Edmond Taylor , Awakening from History (Boston, Mass.: Gambit, 1969), pp. 350 – 1.

(37) Lyman Kirkpatrick, The Real CIA (New York: Macmillan, 1968), p. 24.

(38) Malcolm Muggeridge, 'Book Review of a Very Limited Edition', Esquire, May 1966, p. 84.

(39) Hinsley, British Intelligence, vol. 2, p. 53.

(40) Stafford , Britain and European Resistance, p. 90.

(41) Edmond Taylor , Richer by Asia (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1947) pp. 225 – 7.

(42) Sweet-Escott, Baker Street Irregular, p. 252.

(43) Respectively: interview with Leitch, September 1979; and R. Smith, OSS , p. 34.

(44) Taylor , Richer by Asia , p. 233.

(45) R. Smith, OSS , pp. 289-90.

(46) Respectively: R. Smith, OSS , p. 286; Cave Brown, Last Hero. p. 625; ibid., p. 644; and Kerby in interview with Page, Leitch and Knightley, 1967.

(47) Cave Brown, Last Hero, p. 609.

(48) R. Smith, OSS , p. 27.

(49) Letter from Philby to author, 1978.

(50) Respectively: Michael Howard, 'The Black Record of the Anglo-Saxons'. Sunday Times, 26 January 1978 ; and R. Smith. OSS , p. 354.

(51) Cave Brown, Last Hero, p. 645 – 8.

(52) B. Smith, Shadow Warriors, pp. 339 – 48; and Cave Brown, Last Hero. pp. 423 – 6.

(53) Respectively: Whitwell, British Agent, pp. 202 – 7; and R. Smith, OSS , p. 229.

(54) Weitz in interview with author, 14 September 1984 .

(55) Corson, Armies of Ignorance, pp. 87 – 8.

(56) Cave Brown, Last Hero, pp. 641 – 2.

(57) Cave Brown (ed.). The Secret War Report of the OSS (New York: Berkley Medallion, 1976), p. 7.

(58) B. Smith, Shadow Warriors, p. 410.

(59) Thomas Inglis, Chief of Naval Intelligence, testifying before Congress. National Security Act Hearing, 27 June 1947 (Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1982), p. 68.

(60) Cave Brown, Last Hero, p. 757.

(61) B. Smith, Shadow Warriors, pp. 381 – 2.

(62) Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, Is Paris Burning? (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965), p. 304.

(1) National Security Act Hearing (Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1982), p. 41.

(2) David C. Martin, Wilderness of Mirrors (New York: Ballantine, 1981), p. 39.

(3) Respectively: National Security Act Hearing, pp. 38, 55; Pratt, 'How Not to Run a Spy System', p. 242; and Trevor Barnes, 'The Secret Cold War. The CIA and American Foreign Policy in Europe, 1946 – 1956, Part 1', Historical Journal, vol. 24, no. 2 (1981), pp. 400-4.

(4) Harry Howe Ransom, 'Secret Intelligence in the United States, 1947 – 1982: the ClA's Search for Legitimacy', in Andrew and Dilks, Missing Dimension, p. 206.

(5) National Security Act Hearing, p. 32.

(6) ibid., p. 46.

(7) ibid., p. 38.

(8) ibid., p. 35.

(9) Memo in the Leahy Papers, 25 February 1947, Box 20/132, US National Archives, Washington DC.

(10) National Security Act Hearing, pp. 28 – 9.

(11) ibid., pp. 22, 27, 29.

(12) ibid., pp. vi, 1.

(13) Respectively: Barnes, 'Secret Cold War. Part 2', p. 656; and Ransom, 'Secret Intelligence', p. 203.

(14) Cave Brown, Last Hero, p. 785.

(15) Barnes, 'Secret Cold War. Part 2', p. 651.

(16) Barnes, 'Secret Cold War. Part 1', pp. 412 – 13.

(17) Michael J. Barrett, 'Honorable Espionage', Journal of Defence and Diplomacy (February 1984), p. 14.

(18) Barnes, 'Secret Cold War. Part 2', pp. 660, 663.

(19) Enver Hoxha, The Anglo-American Threat to Albania (Tirana: 8 Nentori, 1982), p. 430.

(20) Barnes, 'Secret Cold War. Part 2', p. 664.